(Babbling Curse)

Type: Curse

Description: Causes uncontrollable babbling.

Seen/Mentioned: Although he was rather untrustworthy, it may not have occurred at all, but Gilderoy Lockhart says he cured a Transylvanian farmer of this affliction.^[14]

(Badgering)

Type: Transfiguration

Description: Turns things into badgers^[15]

(Bat-Bogey Hex)

Type: Hex

Description: Transforms the target's bogeys into large bats that fly out of the victim's nose. It was invented by Miranda Goshawk.^[16]

Seen/Mentioned: Ginny Weasley was a noted practitioner of this spell, having used it at least thrice by her sixth year.^[17]

Baubillious

Type: Charm^[15]

Pronunciation: baw-BILL-ee-us

Description: The exact effects of the spell are unknown, though it presumably is of damaging nature and it produces a bolt of white light from the tip of the wand.^[15]

Etymology: Currently unclear, probably from English bauble.

Notes: This is likely the incantation for White sparks.

(Bedazzling Hex)

Type: Hex

Description: Allows the caster to disguise things.

Seen/Mentioned: When Xenophilius Lovegood explains the concept of how the Cloak of Invisibility is the only thing that can make a person truly invisible, he mentions that most cloaks of that kind are made with this spell.^[18]

Note: Though the exact effects are unknown, based on the name (and the fact that it is used in conjunction with a chameleon charm on certain cloaks, it is probably used to conceal a person or object.

(Bewitched Snowballs)

Type: Charm

Description: Causes snowballs to pelt themselves at the target.

Seen/Mentioned: Twice used by Fred and George Weasley; firstly on Professor Quirrell's head, unwittingly striking Lord Voldemort in the face,^[19] and then again four years later to attack the windows of Gryffindor Tower.^[20]

(Bluebell Flames)

Type: Charm

Description: Produces magical blue flames that can be held in a jar. Not as dangerous as real fire, these magical flames can be touched, penetrated and held without it burning the holder, though it is known to singe materials such as clothing and plants.^[21]

Seen/Mentioned: This spell was a speciality of Hermione Granger's. She used it to defeat Devil's Snare in the London Underground in 1992.^[21]

(Blue sparks)

Type: Charm

Description: Jet of blue sparks. It can be used offensively as a minor duelling spell.

Seen/Mentioned: Following the American National Quidditch team's win at the semi-finals of the 2014 Quidditch World Cup against Liechtenstein, red, white and blue sparks filled the air so thickly it was difficult to see or breathe.

Bombarda (Exploding Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: bom-BAR-dah

Description: Provokes a small explosion.

Seen/Mentioned: Taught in fourth year Charms class.

Etymology: From the word bombard, meaning "to attack a place or person continually with bombs or other missiles".

Bombarda Maxima

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: BOM-bar-dah MAX-ih-mah

Description: Creates a large explosion capable of removing entire walls. A more advanced and more powerful form of the Exploding Charm.

Brackium Emendo

Type: Charm, Healing Spell

Pronunciation: BRA-key-um ee-MEN-doh

Description: If used correctly, it is claimed that this spell will heal broken bones; this theory is supported by the etymology.

Seen/Mentioned: Used unsuccessfully by Gilderoy Lockhart on Harry Potter in 1992 after the latter's arm was broken by a Bludger; it vanished all the bones, making it resemble rubber.

Etymology: The word "Brackium" is similar to the word "Break" from english, and Emendo seems to resemble "Mending" which means "Healing", the full meaning would be "Mending Breaks"

(Bravery Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Increases the bravery of a teammate, increasing their performance against certain foes.

Seen/Mentioned: Taught by Head of the Auror Office, Harry Potter, to members of the Statute of Secrecy Task Force, to help them address the results of the Calamity in the 2010s.

(Bridge-conjuring spell)

Type: Charm

Description: Conjure a bridge from thin air.

Seen/Mentioned: This spell was used by Ignotus, Antioch and Cadmus Peverell in The Tale of the Three Brothers to create a bridge over a treacherous river, a bridge upon which they met Death.^[18][22]

(Broom jinx)

Type: Jinx

Description: Used to make broomsticks try to throw their riders off through a variety of means such as sudden lurches and violent swishing movements. Constant eye contact is needed for the jinx to keep working.^[23]

Seen/Mentioned: It was used by Quirinus Quirrell against Harry Potter in 1991.^[24]

Notes: This may be related to the Hurling Hex.

(Bubble-Head Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Produces a large bubble of air around the head of the user; it is commonly used as the supernatural equivalent of a breathing set.^[25]

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Cedric Diggory and Fleur Delacour in 1995;^[25] it was used the next year by many students walking through the halls, because of horrid odours made by various pranks played on Dolores Umbridge.^[11]

(Bubble Spell)

Type: Charm

Description: Produces a stream of non-bursting bubbles from the wand tip.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Professor Flitwick to decorate some trees;^[19] the bubbles in this instance were golden. Used the following year by Ron Weasley when he broke his wand; these bubbles were purple.

Defodio (Gouging Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: deh-FOH-dee-oh

Description: Allows the caster to dig and carve through the target.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by The Trio to escape from a bank in 1998 while riding a dragon. It was later used by Harry to write the epitaph for Dobby, who had been killed.

Etymology: The incantation is Latin for "I dig".

Deletrius (Eradication Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: deh-LEE-tree-us

Description: Counter-charm to the Reverse Spell, vanishing the image of the last spell cast. It may also disintegrate other certain images.

Seen/Mentioned: This spell was only ever seen in 1994 when Amos Diggory used Prior Incantato to detect that Winky had cast Morsmordre using Harry Potter's wand.^[29]

Etymology: Latin delere, meaning "to destroy", and English "detritus", meaning rubble.

Densaugeo

Type: Hex

Pronunciation: den-SAW-jee-oh

Description: This hex causes the victim's teeth to grow rapidly.^[30]

Seen/Mentioned: Introduced in 1994, when Draco Malfoy's spell rebounded upon Hermione Granger; her teeth were past her collar before she was forced to run to the hospital to get them shrunk.^[30]

Etymology: From Latin dens, meaning "tooth", and augeo, meaning "I enlarge"; essentially, it means "I enlarge the tooth".

Deprimo

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: deh-PREEM-oh

Description: Charm used to blast holes in the ground.

Seen/Mentioned: Hermione Granger blasted a hole through the living room floor of Xenophilius Lovegood's house in 1998 using this spell.^[18]

Etymology: The incantation, when non-capitalised, means "to depress" or "depress".

Depulso (Banishing Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: deh-PUL-soh

Description: Sends the target away from the caster. It is the counter-charm to the Summoning Charm.

Seen/Mentioned: Although it is learned in the fourth-year charms class at Hogwarts, it is used multiple times in 1993, as well as in 1995.

Etymology: From the Latin depulsio, meaning "drive away".

Descendo

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: deh-SEN-doh

Description: Causes object to fall or move downwards.^[31]

Seen/Mentioned: In 1997, it was used by Ron to magically cause the stairs in his bedroom, which lead to his family's attic, to descend; later that year, Crabbe used it in an attempt to cause a wall of rubbish behind which Ron was hiding to fall on him.^[31]

Etymology: Descendo is Latin for "I descend".

(Desk Into Pig)

Type: Transfiguration

Description: Turns desks into pigs.

Seen/Mentioned: Professor McGonagall used this spell as a demonstration for her class of first years in 1991, then changed the pig back into a desk.^[32]

(Deterioration Hex)

Type: Hex

Description: Impairs foes and reduces their stamina.

Seen/Mentioned: Minerva McGonagall taught members of the Statute of Secrecy Task Force this hex to help them address the results of the Calamity in the 2010s.

Diffindo (Severing Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: dih-FIN-doh

Description: Used to precisely cut or tear objects.

Seen/Mentioned: Used twice in 1994, the first time being by Harry Potter to cut Cedric Diggory's bag in order to talk to the latter,^[2] and the second time being by Ron Weasley to cut the lace from the cuffs of his dress robes in an attempt to make them seem less feminine. The spell was used a third time by Harry to swap the covers of his second-hand and brand-new copies of Advanced Potion-Making.

Etymology: Latin diffindere, meaning "to divide" or "to split".

Diminuendo

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: dim-in-YEW-en-DOUGH

Description: Forces the target to shrink.

Seen/Mentioned: Performed by Nigel Wolpert in 1995, during a Dumbledore's Army meeting.

Etymology: The incantation derives from the musical term diminuendo, meaning "a gradual decrease of the volume of sound".

Dissendium

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: dih-SEN-dee-um

Description: Used to open passages.

Seen/Mentioned: Used multiple times in 1993 to open the statue of Gunhilda of Gorsemoor, then again four years later in a failed attempt to open Salazar Slytherin's Locket.

Etymology: There are numerous suggestions.

Notes: This may not be a spell at all in the strict sense but a password; however, when used for the statue of the hump-backed witch, one must tap the statue with their wand, indicating that it is in fact a spell.

(Disillusionment Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Causes the target to blend seamlessly in with its surroundings, like a chameleon.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Alastor Moody to disguise Harry Potter in 1995.

Draconifors (Draconifors Spell)

Type: Transfiguration

Pronunciation: drah-KOH-nih-fors

Description: Transforms the target into a dragon.

Seen/Mentioned: Taught in third year Transfiguration class.

Etymology: From the Latin word draco, meaning "dragon", and forma meaning "shape".

(Drought Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Causes puddles and ponds to dry up. Though not powerful enough to drain a body of water like a lake

Seen/Mentioned: Mentioned by Ronald Weasley in 1994 when Harry was getting ready for the Second Task of The Triwizard Tournament.

Ducklifors

Type: Transfiguration, Jinx

Pronunciation: DUCK-lih-fors

Description: Transforms the target into a duck.^[10]

Etymology: From the English duck, and the Latin forma meaning "shape".

Duro (Hardening Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: DYOO-roh

Description: Turns an object to stone.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione Granger in 1998 while escaping from Death Eaters in the Battle of Hogwarts.^[33]

Etymology: Latin duro means "harden".

(False memory spell)

Type: Charm

Description: Implants a false memory in the victim without them realising it was not originally theirs.

Seen/Mentioned: Voldemort used this spell twice; firstly in 1943 upon his uncle Morfin Gaunt, then sometime later on the house-elf Hokey. Both instances were to hide his crimes and make the victims believe they were responsible. It is likely that Kingsley Shacklebolt used this spell on Marietta Edgecombe in 1996 in order to prevent her from revealing Dumbledore's Army to Cornelius Fudge. This is reinforced by Dumbledore stating that Shacklebolt was "remarkably quick on the uptake" in modifying her memory. It is possible that Professor Horace Slughorn used this in the next school year to hide his memory of Voldemort asking him about Horcruxes, although as he retained awareness of the true memory his spell may be a different one. It is also possible that he simply repressed it to such a degree that it could not be extracted from him against his will, as the memory he gave Dumbledore simple went blank at the right times and was replaced by a disembodied shouting, rather than images; this was noted to be crudely done. Hermione Granger used this in 1997 to make her parents believe they were named Wendell and Monica Wilkins respectively, that they have no daughter, and to make them move to Australia in order to protect them from Voldemort and his Death Eaters.

(Feather-light charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Makes an object light as a feather.

Seen/Mentioned: Harry Potter contemplated using this in 1993 to lighten his trunk so that he could carry it by broom to Gringotts, though he decided against it.

(Ferret to human)

Type: Transfiguration

Description: Transforms a ferret into a human.

Seen/Mentioned: It was used by Minerva McGonagall on Draco Malfoy in 1994.

Ferula (Bandaging Charm)

Type: Conjuration, Healing spell

Pronunciation: fer-ROOL-lah

Description: Conjures up bandages and wraps them around a wound, splinting any broken bones.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Remus Lupin in 1994 to bind Ronald Weasley's broken leg.

Etymology: Latin ferula means "walking-stick" or "splint".

Fianto Duri

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: fee-AN-toh DOO-ree

Description: A defensive charm which, based on the etymology, strengthens shield spells, and perhaps objects in general, in a similar way to Duro.

Seen/Mentioned: Used to protect Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in 1998.

Etymology: Latin fiant means "become" and duri means "hard".

(Fidelius Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: An immensely complex charm used to hide secret information within the soul of the charm's recipient, who is called a Secret-Keeper. The information is irretrievable unless the Secret-Keeper willingly chooses to reveal it, and only the aforementioned person can do so.

Seen/Mentioned: In 1993, it was explained that when Harry was merely an infant, he and his parents were hidden from Voldemort with this charm; from 1995 onward it was used to protect Grimmauld Place, and in 1998 it was used to protect Shell Cottage.

Etymology: Latin fidelis, which means "faithful".

Notes: Although when a Secret-Keeper dies the secret they held can never be revealed to anyone else^[47], in 1997 it is apparent that upon the Keeper's death all those who had been told the secret become keepers in turn.

Notes (2): This charm seems to have no effect with regard to animals, as Hedwig found Ron and Hermione in a location that was protected by this charm; however, it is possible that Dumbledore somehow told her, ludicrous though such may seem.

Notes (3): In 1981, Hagrid managed to get to Harry before all the Muggles could look at it; this makes it appear as though the Killing Curse will negate the effect of the Fidelius Charm.

Notes (4): Those who have been told of the secret by secret-keepers still cannot pass the secret on, as proven by Severus Snape and Bellatrix Lestrange.

(Fiendfyre)

Type: Curse

Description: Unleashes cursed fire that takes the shape of animals that actively seek out living targets and burn anything in its path, including nearly indestructible substances such as horcruxes. In addition, this fire is made even more dangerous due to the fact that it is extremely difficult to control, and cannot be extinguished with normal or enchanted water.^[31]

Seen/Mentioned: Though there are numerous instances when it may have been used, it was only proven to have been used in 1998 by Vincent Crabbe, who was killed by it.^[31]

Finestra (Finestra spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: fi-NESS-tra

Description: Shatters glass.

Seen/Mentioned: On 6 December 1926, Newt Scamander shattered the front window of the Voclain & Co. jewellery store in New York using this spell to try and recapture his escaped niffler when he saw it loose inside the store stealing things.

Finite Incantatem (General Counter-Spell)

Type: Counter-Spell

Pronunciation: fi-NEE-tay in-can-TAH-tem

Description: Terminates all spell effects in the vicinity of the caster.

Seen/Mentioned: Severus Snape used this to restore order to the Duelling Club in 1992, after the event had descended into utter chaos.^[40]

Etymology: Latin finire, meaning "to finish", and incantatem.

(Finger-removing jinx)

Type: Jinx

Description: Removes a person's fingers.

Seen/Mentioned: Gunhilda Kneen jinxed her husband with this spell.

(Firestorm)

Type: Charm

Description: Produces a ring of fire from the wand.

Seen/Mentioned: Albus Dumbledore used this spell to rescue Harry from Inferi in 1997.

(Flagrante Curse)

Type: Curse

Pronunciation: flah-GRAHN-tay

Description: Causes objects to burn on contact.

Seen/Mentioned: The Lestrange Vault had this curse on it.

Flagrate

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: flah-GRAH-tay

Description: Writes in midair with firey marks.

Seen/Mentioned: Tom Riddle used this spell to write his name; Hermione Granger used it three years later to mark some doors.

Etymology: From the Latin flagrate, meaning "a burn".

(Flame-Freezing Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Causes fire to tickle those caught in it instead of burning them.

Seen/Mentioned: Third year students wrote an essay on the use of this charm in medieval witch-burnings; Wendelin the Weird was burned forty-seven times.

Notes: This may be the spell used in Floo Network, as well as when Albus Dumbledore set Tom Riddle's wardrobe aflame in 1938.

(Flask-conjuring spell)

Type: Conjuration

Description: Conjures a glass flask

Seen/Mentioned: On 1 May, 1998, Hermione Granger used this spell to collect the memories of a dying Severus Snape.

Flintifors

Type: Transfiguration

Pronunciation: FLINT-i-fors

Description: Transforms objects into matchboxes.

Seen/Mentioned: In the 1980s, this spell was covered in third year transfiguration classes.

Notes: This may be related to, or the incantation for Match to needle.

Flipendo (Knockback Jinx)

Type: Jinx

Pronunciation: fli-PEN-doh

Description: Knocks objects and creatures backwards.

Seen/Mentioned: Taught in first year Defence Against the Dark Arts and Charms class.

Flipendo Duo (Knockback Jinx Duo)

Type: Jinx

Pronunciation: flih-PEN-doh DOO-oh

Description: A more powerful version of Flipendo.

Flipendo Maxima'

Type: Jinx

Description: A more powerful version of the Knockback Jinx, which threw the target back at a much greater force.

Seen/Mentioned: Invented by Badeea Ali in the 1989–1990 school year, who taught it to fellow sixth year students.

Flipendo Tria

Type: Jinx

Pronunciation: flih-PEN-doh TREE-ah

Description: A more powerful version of Flipendo Duo; it is said to resemble a miniature tornado.

(Flying charm)

Type: Charm

Description: This spell is cast on broomsticks and flying carpets to allow them to fly.

Seen/Mentioned: Draco Malfoy mentioned this spell when insulting Ron Weasley's broomstick, wondering why anyone would charm it.

Fumos (Smokescreen Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: FYOO-moss

Description: Defensive smokescreen that hinders visibility.

Seen/Mentioned: This spell is covered in The Dark Forces: A Guide to Self-Protection.

Fumos Duo

Type: Charm

Description: A more powerful version of Fumos.

Furnunculus (Pimple Jinx)

Type: Jinx

Pronunciation: fer-NUN-kyoo-luss

Description: Covers the target in boils (or pimples).^[30]

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Harry Potter on Gregory Goyle.^[30]

Etymology: Latin furnunculus, meaning "petty thief", or English furuncle, a synonym for "boil".

(Fur spell)

Type: Charm

Description: Causes fur to grow on the victim.

Seen/Mentioned: Fred and George Weasley used this spell on each other.

(Hair-thickening Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Thickens the victim's hair.

Seen/Mentioned: Severus Snape claimed Alicia Spinnet used this spell on her eyebrows, where as in reality she was jinxed by Miles Bletchley.

Harmonia Nectere Passus

Pronunciation: har-MOH-nee-a NECK-teh-ray PASS-us

Type: Charm

Description: Repairs a Vanishing Cabinet.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Draco Malfoy to mend a cabinet in 1996.

Etymology: Latin harmonia, which means "harmony", nectere, which means "to bind", and passus, which means "step".

Herbifors

Type: Transfiguration

Description: This spell causes flowers to sprout from the victim.

Herbivicus (Herbivicus Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: her-BIV-i-cuss

Description: Rapidly grows plants.

Seen/Mentioned: Taught by Professor Pomona Sprout in Herbology classes.

(Hermione Granger's jinx)

Type: Jinx

Description: Causes a traitor to break out in boils spelling "SNEAK" on their forehead.

Seen/Mentioned: Hermione Granger designed and placed this jinx on the parchment signed by all members of Dumbledore's Army. When Marietta Edgecombe betrayed the D.A. to Dolores Umbridge, the jinx was triggered.

Notes: This jinx was invented by Hermione, and may have been inspired by Furnunculus.

(Homing spell)

Description: Offensive spells that follow their target with a constant speed after being cast.

Homenum Revelio (Human-Presence-Revealing Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: HOM-eh-num reh-VEH-lee-oh

Description: Reveals human presence in the vicinity of the caster.

Seen/Mentioned: Used multiple times by various people in 1997.

Etymology: Most likely from Latin homo, meaning human, and "reveal", though the classical Latin form would be hominem instead of homenum, which shows Portuguese influence ("man" is homem in Portuguese).

Notes: It can be used non-verbally; Dumbledore does so to detect Harry underneath his Invisibility Cloak.^[48]

(Homonculous Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Tracks the movements of human beings. The charm has a powerful effect in that it is not fooled by various methods of concealment and disguise, such as invisibility cloaks, the Polyjuice Potion or transformed Animagi.

Seen/Mentioned: This charm was used on Marauder's Map by James Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, and Peter Pettigrew after charting the grounds and halls of Hogwarts Castle in order to track the movements of everyone within the castle grounds.

(Homorphus Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Causes a Werewolf to revert back to human shape.^[14]

Seen/Mentioned: According to Lockhart, he used it to force the Wagga Wagga Werewolf to take its human form.^[14]

Suggested Etymology: Latin homo meaning "person" and Greek morphosis meaning "shaping"

(Horn tongue hex)

Type: Hex

Description: Transforms the target's tongue into a horn.

Seen/Mentioned: Harry Potter came across it while perusing the index of Basic Hexes for the Busy and Vexed in search of a way to overcome the dragon he knew he would have to face in the First Task of the Triwizard Tournament. He quickly ruled it out, however, realising it would only give the dragon yet another way to attack him.^[2]

(Horton-Keitch Braking Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Charm patented by Basil Horton and Randolph Keitch that allows for broom-riders to stop more precisely. This spell was first used on the Comet 140 to prevent players from overshooting the goal posts and from flying off-sides.

Seen/Mentioned: Enchanted on all Comet 140 broomsticks.

(Horcrux-making spell)

Type: Dark Arts

Description: This spell allows a part of a wizard's soul to pass into an object, thereby making the object a Horcrux. One has to commit murder and take advantage of the soul's "splitting apart" by this supreme act of evil in order to be able to perform this spell, and it is probably very complex. In 1943, Horace Slughorn described the spell to a young Tom Riddle as encasing a portion of the torn soul and placing it within an object. The spell itself is described in detail in a banned book known as "Secret of the Darkest Art", which Hermione Granger summoned from Albus Dumbledore's office near the end of their sixth year. According to the text, use of this spell to separate the soul will make the remaining portion of the soul very fragile, and can only be reversed by "remorse" of the wrongs the creator had made; however, the pain caused by attempting to reverse the creation of a Horcrux can destroy the individual.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Lord Voldemort while creating his Horcruxes.

(Hot Air Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Conjures a stream of hot air

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione Granger in 1995 to dry off her robes. Also used shortly after to melt snow. Also was used by Albus Dumbledore in 1997 to dry Harry's and his own robes.

(Hour-Reversal Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Reverses small amounts of time (up to five hours).

Seen/Mentioned: Used to create Time-Turners, as mentioned by Professor Saul Croaker; this charm is highly unstable.^[49]

(Hover Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Used to make the target hover. It is one of the many lesser variations of the Levitation Charm.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Dobby to demolish a pudding.^[50]

(Hurling Hex)

Type: Hex

Description: Causes brooms to vibrate violently in the air and try to buck their rider off.

Seen/Mentioned: Professor Flitwick suggested that Harry's confiscated Firebolt may be jinxed with this spell.^[41]

Notes: May be related to the broom jinx.

Locomotor Wibbly (Jelly-Legs Curse)

Type: Curse, Jinx

Pronunciation: loh-koh-MOH-tor WIB-lee

Description: Causes the victim's legs to collapse as if they were turned to jelly.

Seen/Mentioned: One of the spells mentioned in Curses and Counter-Curses by Vindictus Viridian, used on Harry, practising for the Third Task of the Triwizard Tournament, by Hermione. Also, Draco Malfoy was hit with this jinx (along with another one) at the end of the term.

(Jelly-Brain Jinx)

Type: Jinx

Description: Reduces the target's mental processes.

Seen/Mentioned: During the September 1999 riot that took place during the Puddlemere United/Holyhead Harpies Quidditch game, a lot of Harpy supporters were using this jinx.

Notes: This spell may have been the spell that the Death Eaters hit Ron with in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix in the Battle of the Department of Mysteries.

(Jelly-Fingers Curse)

Type: Curse

Description: Causes target's fingers to become wobbly, making it uneasy for the victim to grasp objects.

Seen/Mentioned: After a June 1999 Pride of Portree/Appleby Arrows Quidditch game, the losing Seeker accused his opposite number of putting this curse on him as they both closed in on the Snitch.

Lacarnum Inflamari

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: la-KAR-num in-flah-MAR-ee

Description: Ignites cloaks.

Seen/Mentioned:

Etymology: Latin inflammo, or the verb inflammatio meaning "to set on fire". Lacarnum, from the Latin “lacerna”, meaning “cloak”.

Langlock

Type: Jinx

Pronunciation: LANG-lock

Description: Sticks a victim's tongue to the roof of their mouth. Created by Severus Snape.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Harry on Peeves and twice on Argus Filch, to general applause.

Etymology: Probably from the French langue ("tongue") and the English "lock".

Lapifors (Lapifors Spell)

Type: Transfiguration

Pronunciation: LAP-ih-forz

Description: Transforms the target into a rabbit.

Seen/Mentioned: Taught in third year Transfiguration class.

Etymology: From Latin lepus meaning hare, and forma meaning "shape".

(Leek Jinx)

Type: Jinx

Description: Makes leeks sprout out of the target's ears.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by a fighting Gryffindor fourth year and sixth year Slytherin before a Quidditch match in 1992.^[55]

Legilimens (Legilimency Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: Le-JIL-ih-mens

Description: Allows the caster to delve into the mind of the victim, allowing the caster to see the memories, thoughts, and emotions of the victim.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Severus Snape on Harry after he had a dream about Arthur Weasley being attacked by Nagini in 1995. Also during Occlumency lessons in 1996. Also used non-verbally by Snape on Harry in 1997 to allow him to see where Harry had learned the Sectumsempra spell.

Etymology: Latin legere ("to read") and mens ("mind").

Levicorpus

Type: Jinx

Pronunciation: leh-vee-COR-pus

Description: Hoists people up into the air by their ankle.^[56] Created by Severus Snape.^[5]

Seen/Mentioned: Apparently invented by the Half-Blood Prince; it is a non-verbal-only spell (although it is whispered by Hermione in 1997). Harry Potter learnt it by reading the notes written by the Half-Blood Prince. He used it on Ron. The previous year, Harry had seen (through the Pensieve used by Severus Snape) his father, James Potter, use the spell against Professor Snape.

Etymology: Latin levare, "raise" and corpus, "body" or "corpse".

Liberacorpus

Type: Counter-Jinx

Pronunciation: LIB-er-ah-cor-pus

Description: The counter-jinx to Levicorpus.^[56]

Seen/Mentioned: Harry used the spell in 1996 to counteract Levicorpus he had inadvertently cast on Ron.^[56]

Etymology: Latin liberare, "to free", and corpus, "body" or "corpse".

Notes: It is not clear why Levicorpus has a specific counter-spell, and is not neutralised by simply using Finite Incantatem, although this could be due to the fact that Snape invented the spell and therefore made it irreversible except by its specific counter-curse.

Locomotor (Locomotion Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: loh-kuh-MOH-tor

Description: Allows a witch or wizard to levitate a target a few inches off of the ground and then move said object in any given direction. Similarly to the Summoning Charm, a specific object can be moved by calling the object aloud after saying the incantation.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Nymphadora Tonks in Harry Potter to move Harry's trunk from his room. Filius Flitwick similarly used it to move Sybill Trelawney's trunk after Dolores Umbridge sacked her. Parvati Patil and Lavender Brown used this spell to race their pencil cases around the edges of the table. A variation seen in 1998 is Piertotum Locomotor, which caused the statues of Hogwarts to be animated.

Etymology: Latin locus (place) and moto, "set in motion" (passive motor), or English locomotion.

Locomotor Mortis (Leg-Locker Curse)

Type: Curse

Pronunciation: LOH-koh-moh-tor MOR-tis

Description: Sticks legs together.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Draco Malfoy on Neville Longbottom in 1991.^[57] Used by Harry Potter on Draco Malfoy, who deflected it, in 1996.^[58]

Etymology: English locomotion, "movement" + Latin mortis, "of death".

Notes: It is unclear whether or how this spell is related to the Locomotor spell. It could, however, be that the curse "locks" any part of the body in accordance to where it is pointed, or moves the body into a position of the caster's choosing whilst placing them into an immobile state. It is possible that Draco had pointed his wand at Neville and the curse "locked" his legs together.

Lumos (Wand-Lighting Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: LOO-mos

Description: Illuminates the tip of the caster's wand, allowing the caster to see in the dark.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Albus Dumbledore to illuminate the dark cave in 1997.

Etymology: Latin lumen, "light".

Notes: opposite incantation, Nox, puts the light out.

Lumos Duo

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: LOO-mos DOO-oh

Description: Creates a focused beam of light from the end of the wand. It is a variant of the Wand-Lighting Charm.

Etymology: Lumos plus Latin duo, "two".

Lumos Maxima

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: LOO-mos Ma-cks-ima

Description: Produces a blinding flash of bright white light from the tip of the wand. It is a variant of the Wand-Lighting Charm.

Seen/Mentioned: First practised by Harry in the home of the Dursleys, then used by Dumbledore to light up the cave of the Horcrux.

Etymology: Lumos + maxima, Latin "greatest."

Lumos Solem (Lumos Solem Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: LOO-mos SO-lem

Description: Produce a blinding flash of sunlight. It is a variant of the Wand-Lighting Charm.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Hermione to free Ron from the Devil's Snare. The incantation was only used in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.

Etymology: Derived from two words; the Latin lumen, meaning "light", and the Latin word for "sun", which in its accusative case is "solem".

Notes: It is possible that the quality of the light is on the warmer solar end of the spectrum; Considering the known uses that the spell has been put to, it isn't that much of a stretch to presume that the spell is used to conjure Sunlight.

Nox (Wand-Extinguishing Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: NOCKSS

Description: Extinguishes wandlight. It the counter-charm for the Wand-Lighting Charm, Lumos.

Seen/Mentioned: In 1994, Harry Potter and Hermione Granger used this spell to turn off their wand-lights in the Shrieking Shack. Used in 1998 when Harry was in the passage beneath the Whomping Willow which leads to the Shrieking Shack. Lumos's power can be arranged so that a powerful wizard can make the charm illuminate intensely or to the wizards liking by loudness of incantation. For example "LUMOS!!!" would be powerful and "lumos" would be weaker. Also used by Harry Potter in 1998 to turn off the light so he could hide the Marauder's Map from Severus Snape.

Etymology: Latin nox, meaning "night".

Nebulus

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: NEH-bu-lus

Description: Creates fog from the tip of the wand.

Seen/Mentioned: In 1927, Albus Dumbledore used this spell to conjure a fog in London to provide concealment for his meeting with Newton Scamander.

Notes: This may be the incantation for the Ministry of Magic Fog.

Pack

Type: Charm

Description: Packs luggage.

Seen/Mentioned: Used in 1994 by Remus Lupin in his office, and in 1995 by Nymphadora Tonks, once verbally and again non-verbally.

Papyrus Reparo

Type: Charm

Description: Mends torn pieces of paper.

Seen/Mentioned: This spell was used by Newton Scamander in 1927 to restore a torn postcard from Porpentina Goldstein addressed to Queenie Goldstein.

Notes: This spell is a variation of Reparo.

(Patented Daydream Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Gives the spell caster a highly-realistic 30-minute daydream. Side effects include mild drooling and a vacant expression.

Seen/Mentioned: These were invented by Fred and George Weasley and sold in 1996 at their joke shop, presumably in the form of some kind of physical object, similar to Skiving Snackboxes.

Partis Temporus

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: PAR-tis temp-OAR-us

Description: Creates a temporary gap in the target.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Albus Dumbledore in the Crystal Cave in 1997. He uses it so that he and Harry can pass through the ring of fire used to ward off the Inferi.

Etymology: Partis is a plural form of the French verb partir, which means "to separate," "to go away," "to leave," or "to depart." Temporis is Latin for "time."

(Pepper Breath)

Type: Hex

Description: Gives the victim fiery hot breath.

Seen/Mentioned: Harry Potter learned of this hex from Basic Hexes for the Busy and Vexed while researching spells to use during the Triwizard Tournament and decided not to use it against the dragon he would face in the First Task.

Periculum

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: pur-ICK-you-lum

Description: Produces a burst of red sparks.

Seen/Mentioned:

Etymology: Periculum is Latin for "danger".

(Permanent Sticking Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Sticks objects permanently in place.

Seen/Mentioned: First mentioned in 1995, when Sirius Black suspected that his mother's painting was fixed to the wall with such a Charm. It is implied that the portrait in the Muggle Prime Minister's office also has such a charm on it.

Notes: It is never said whether the charm prevents the object from being removed by cutting away the section of wall. The incantation could be gluten sempra, meaning glue forever, or adher sempra, which means stick forever.

Peskipiksi Pesternomi

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: PES-key PIX-ee PES-ter NO-mee

Description: The one time it was used, it had absolutely no effect.^[51]

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Lockhart to attempt to remove Cornish Pixies.^[51]

Suggested Etymology: English pesky meaning "annoying", English pixie meaning "a supernatural being", English pester meaning "to annoy", English no for negative and English me for the first person pronoun.

Notes: It is not known if the spell works or not. It also suspiciously sounds like "Pesky pixie pester no me."

Petrificus Totalus (Full Body-Bind Curse)

Type: Curse

Pronunciation: pe-TRI-fi-cus to-TAH-lus

Description: Used to temporarily bind the victim's body in a position much like that of a soldier at attention; the victim will usually fall to the ground.^[21]

Seen/Mentioned: Used in 1991 by Hermione, who was trying to prevent Neville from stopping her, Ron, and Harry from leaving the common room to hunt for the Philosopher's Stone,^[21] in the Hall of Prophecy during the Battle of the Department of Mysteries to petrify Antonin Dolohov who was pursuing him and his friends, and used on Harry by Draco Malfoy in the Hogwarts Express in 1996.^[17]

Etymology: Latin petra, meaning "stone", and fieri (past participle factus), meaning "to become"; totalus comes from Latin "totus", meaning "complete".

Note: Albus Dumbledore used this spell on Harry Potter before the Battle of the Astronomy Tower.^[60]

Piertotum Locomotor

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: peer-TOH-tuhm loh-kuh-MOH-tor

Description: Brings animates inanimate targets.^[61]

Seen/Mentioned: In the Battle of Hogwarts, Professor McGonagall used this spell to animate the suits of armour and statues within Hogwarts, to defend the castle.^[61] Also used by Albus Dumbledore to enchant the statues on the fountain in the entrance to the Ministry of Magic Department.^[6]

Etymology: Pier means "friend" or "colleague", totum refers to "the whole" or "total", and locomotor means "the movement of".

Piscifors

Type: Transfiguration

Pronunciation: PIS-ee-fors

Description: Transforms things into fish.

(Placement Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Maigcally places an object in or on a specific location. Placement Charms can be used to place a bridle on a Kelpie to render it harmless and docile.

Point Me (Four-Point Spell)

Type: Spell

Description: Makes the caster's wand point due north.

Seen/Mentioned: Hermione Granger taught it to Harry Potter, who used it during the Triwizard Tournament, particularly to navigate the hedge maze during the Third Task.

Note: This spell may be an invention of Hermione Granger. Given that the incantation is English (whereas almost all other mentioned spells have incantations based on Latin or other old languages) and that none of the other champions of the Tournament seem to use the spell, it seems likely that Hermione invented the spell.

Portus

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: POR-tus

Description: Turns an object into a portkey.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Albus Dumbledore in 1996.

Etymology: Latin porta, meaning "gate", or portare, meaning "to carry" (as in to carry the caster or target to another location). There is a Latin word portus, meaning "harbour", but it is inappropriate in this context.

Notes: Portkeys were first seen in 1994 as a means for Harry, Hermione, and the Weasleys to go to the Quidditch World Cup. However, the spell used in its creation was not seen until 1995.

Prior Incantato (Reverse Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: pri-OR in-can-TAH-toh

Description: Forces a wand to show an "echo" of the last spell it performed.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Amos Diggory in 1994 to discover the last spell cast by Harry's wand after it was found in the hands of Winky, a house-elf.

Etymology: Latin prior, "previous", and incantare, "to speak a spell" (past participle incantatum).

Notes: Can manifest in the form of the Reverse Spell effect, or Priori Incantatem, when wands with the same core attempt to do battle.

Notes (2): Apparently the spell is cumulative, with the user able to go further back and see spells that the wand performed after the latest spell. Harry suggests this in 1997. Hermione does not contradict his claim, suggesting this is true.

(Protean Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Causes copies of an object to be remotely affected by changes made to the original.

Seen/Mentioned: First used in 1995. Hermione Granger put the charm on a number of fake Galleons. Instead of the serial number around the edge of the coin, the time and date of the next meeting of Dumbledore's Army appeared. It is possible that this charm is used on the Death Eaters' Dark Marks.

Etymology: The English word Protean derives from Proteus, a god in Greek Mythology. Proteus was a shape-shifter, able to take many forms. As a result, the word Protean has come to refer to versatility, flexibility, or an ability to assume many forms. "Protean" is also similar to "protein", derived from the same root, meaning a variable, flexible substance which forms strong bonds between its constituent parts.

Notes: On Hermione's fake galleons, when the date changes, the coin becomes hot, alerting the owner to look at the coin. This may not be a feature of the original charm. It may be a Flagrante Curse, when the Protean Charm changes the coin the curse may activate. It would seem from this that you can decide what the effects on the charmed objects are. Possibly by saying something along the lines of "Protean flagrante." although this is just speculation.

Notes (2): The Protean Charm is a N.E.W.T. standard charm, according to Terry Boot, who is incredulous that Hermione can perform the spell even though she is only in her fifth year (N.E.W.T.s are taken in the seventh year at Hogwarts).

Pullus

Type: Jinx, Transfiguration

Description: Transforms things into chickens.

Protego (Shield Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: pro-TAY-goh

Description: Invisible shield that reflects spells and blocks physical entities.

Seen/Mentioned: First seen in 1995, in which Harry is taught this spell by Hermione in preparation for the third task in the Triwizard Tournament. Albus Dumbledore uses a similar spell which reverses the construction of glass back into sand when Voldemort sent shards of glass to try to stab Dumbledore. Fred and George Weasley enchanted hats they dubbed "shield hats" with this spell in 1997.

Etymology: Latin protego, "I cover" or "I protect".

Notes: The original description of this spell states that it rebounds minor jinxes to the caster. However, it is shown that it can also be used to reflect or lessen the effects of more powerful spells, depending on the skill of the caster. In 1998, it is also shown to be able to create a sort of force-field across an area, and is used frequently to prevent two participants in an argument from reaching each other.

Protego Diabolica

Type: Dark Arts

Pronunciation: pro-TAY-goh dia-BOHL-i-cub

Description: Conjures a protective ring of black fire around the caster that only affects their enemies.

Protego horribilis

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: pro-TAY-goh horr-uh-BIHL-ihs

Description: A powerful shield charm against dark magic.

Seen/Mentioned: Cast by Professor Flitwick in an attempt to strengthen the castle's defences in the Battle of Hogwarts.

Etymology: Latin Protego, "I protect", and Horribilis, "horrible , frightful, dreadful".

Protego Maxima

Pronunciation: pro-TAY-goh MAX-ee-Ma

Type: Charm

Description: A powerful shield charm against dark magic. A stronger and bigger version of Protego, especially when combined with other wizards casting it at the same time. Was so powerful that it could also disintegrate people that came too close and tried to enter it.

Seen/Mentioned: Cast by Professor Flitwick, Professor McGonagall, Professor Slughorn and Mrs Weasley in an attempt to strengthen the castle's defences in the Battle of Hogwarts.

Etymology: Latin Protego, "I protect"

Protego totalum

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: pro-TAY-goh toh-TAH-lum

Description: Protects an area for an extended period of time.

Seen/Mentioned: In 1997, this was one of the spells used by Hermione Granger and Harry Potter to protect their camp site from unwanted visitors.

Etymology: Latin protego meaning "to protect" and Latin totus meaning "as a whole".^[62]

(Purple Firecrackers)

Type: Charm

Description: Causes purple firecrackers to shoot out from the tip of one's wand.

Seen/Mentioned: On 31 October 1991, Albus Dumbledore used this spell to get the attention of panicking diners in the Great Hall when a troll was loose in the castle.

(Pus-squirting spell)

Type: Dark charm

Description: Causes yellowish goo to squirt from one's nose.

Seen/Mentioned: Morfin Gaunt used this spell on Bob Ogden.

Redactum Skullus (Head Shrink Spell)

Type: Dark charm

Pronunciation: reh-DAK-tum SKULL-us

Description: Shrinks the head of the target. It is the counter-spell to Engorgio Skullus.

Reducio (Shrinking Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: re-DOO-see-oh

Description: Makes an object shrink in size. Its counter-charm is the Engorgement Charm.

Seen/Mentioned: In 1997, Harry Potter, after checking his Blackthorn wand on the Bluebell Flames with Engorgio, casts this spell to shorten the formerly enlarged flames.

Etymology: English reduce, "to shrink". (Latin has a verb reducere, present tense reduco. This is the source of the English "reduce", but has a different meaning.) Also in Italian Riduco first person present tense of Ridurre, same root of Latin Reducere.

Notes: Whether Reducio could also be used by itself rather than countering Engorgio is unknown. If it could, it would shrink normal sized items into miniature versions of themselves. References in 1992 by Arthur Weasley to "shrinking door keys" make this seem likely.

Reducto (Reductor Curse)

Type: Curse

Pronunciation: re-DUK-toh

Description: Breaks objects. In stronger usages, disintegrates them.

Seen/Mentioned: In 1995, Harry used it on one of the hedges of the Triwizard maze and ends up burning a small hole in it; in 1995, Gryffindors in Harry Potter's year referenced Parvati Patil as being able to reduce a table full of Dark Detectors to ashes, and Harry and his friends later used the spell in the Department of Mysteries against the Death Eaters, shattering many Prophecy Orbs in the process; in 1997, a member of the Order of the Phoenix attempted to use this spell to break down a door which Death Eaters had blocked when the Death Eaters had cornered Dumbledore in the Lightning Struck Tower.

Etymology: English reduce, "to bring down;destroy".

(Refilling Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Refills whatever the caster points at with the drink originally in the container.

Seen/Mentioned: Used in 1996, when Harry noticed that Hagrid and Slughorn were running out of wine.

Reparifors

Type: Healing Spell

Pronunciation: re-PAR-i-fors

Description: Reverts minor magically-induced ailments, such as paralysis and poisoning.

Reverte

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: ree-VUHR-tay

Description: Returns objects to their original positions or states.

Seen/Mentioned: In 1927, Leta Lestrange used this spell on the record towers in the French Ministry of Magic Records Room at the French Ministry of Magic Headquarters, in an attempt to flee from pursuing Matagots. This sent all the record towers - previously summoned by Lestrange - flying backwards and spinning back into their original positions in the ground.

Etymology: Reverte is derived from Latin for "you shall return", being a second-person imperative form (singular, present, active) of the verb reverto ("I return, or turn back").

Relashio (Revulsion Jinx)

Type: Jinx

Pronunciation: ruh-LASH-ee-oh

Description: Forces the target to release its grip on whatever it is holding.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Harry Potter against Grindylows in the second task of the Triwizard Tournament. Also used in 1997 and 1998, when Hermione used this spell to free Mary Cattermole from the chained chair and to free the Ukrainian Ironbelly on which they were to get out from Gringotts.

Etymology: Probably from the French verb relâcher ="to release, to set free", or Italian rilascio (pronounced the same way as the spell)= "I release".

Rennervate (Reviving Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: RENN-a-vate

Description: Awakens an unconscious victim. It is consequently the counter-charm to the Stunning Spell.

Seen/Mentioned: In 1994, Amos Diggory used it to wake up Winky and Albus Dumbledore used it to wake up Viktor Krum. Harry Potter later used it to try and reawaken a cursed Dumbledore in the seaside cave.

Etymology: Rennervate means "to energise.

Reparifarge

Type: Untransfiguration

Pronunciation: reh-PAR-i-farj

Description: Used to reverse incomplete transformations.

Seen/Mentioned: Found in A Beginner's Guide to Transfiguration.

Reparo (Mending Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: reh-PAH-roh

Description: Seamlessly repairs broken objects.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Albus Dumbledore and Horace Slughorn to repair damage the latter had done to a Muggle home in Budleigh Babberton where he had been hiding. It was also used by Harry Potter to repair his wand with the Elder Wand

Etymology: Latin reparo meaning "to renew" or "repair".^[62]

Notes: Reparo has been seen to repair non-magical items, however it seems to have an inability at repairing magical items or items that have magic placed upon them. An example is Harry's Nimbus 2000 shown in 1993 which he is told is irreparable after it is destroyed by the Whomping Willow. Wands are also irreparable, as shown in 1992 when Ron's wand snapped after he and Harry crashed onto the Hogwarts grounds. Despite his use of Spellotape, Ron's wand malfunctioned throughout the year. Another example is in 1997 when Hermione tried to fix Harry's broken wand, which was snapped by her errant Blasting Curse. However, Harry repaired his wand with the Elder Wand. Since the Elder Wand is the most powerful wand in creation, it makes sense that it would produce the most powerful Mending Charm.

Repello Muggletum (Muggle-Repelling Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: ruh-PEL-oh MUH-guhl-tuhm

Description: Keeps Muggles away from wizarding places by causing them to remember important meetings they missed and to cause the Muggles in question to forget what they were doing.

Seen/Mentioned: It was used to keep Muggles away from the Quidditch World Cup. Hogwarts was also said to be guarded by the Muggle-Repelling Charm. It was also used by Harry and Hermione on numerous occasions, among many other spells, to protect and hide their camp site in 1997.

Repello Inimicum

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: re-PEH-lloh ee-nee-MEE-cum

Description: Disintegrates the persons entering this charm.

Seen/Mentioned: This spell was used by professors Filius Flitwick and Horace Slughorn along with Order of the Phoenix member Molly Weasley to protect Hogwarts Castle in 1998.

Etymology: Latin "Repello", meaning "Push Back" and "inimicum", the accusative singular form of "inimīcus" meaning "foe" or "enemy".

Revelio (Revelio Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: reh-VEL-ee-oh

Description: Reveals secrets about a person or object.

Rictusempra (Tickling Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: ric-tuhs-SEM-pra

Description: Tickles the target until they become weak with laughter.^[40]

Seen/Mentioned: By Harry Potter on Draco Malfoy in 1992, when they fought in the Duelling Club.^[40]

Etymology: Possibly the sum of two words; The Latin rictus, meaning "The expanse of an open mouth", and semper, meaning "Always". Rictus is generally used as an expression of terror, however, "always an open mouth" would, in most cases, correspond to the act of laughing uncontrollably.

Riddikulus (Boggart Banishing Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: rih-dih-KUL-lus

Description: A spell used when fighting a Boggart, "Riddikulus" forces the Boggart to take the appearance of an object the caster is focusing on. Best results can be achieved if the caster is focusing on something humorous, with the desire that laughter will weaken the Boggart.^[63]

Seen/Mentioned: Taught by Remus Lupin during third year Defence Against the Dark Arts, where his students had the opportunity to practise the spell on an actual Boggart.^[63]

Etymology: Latin word ridiculus, "laughable" (but perhaps "absurd" or "silly" in this context).

Notes: The effect of the spell seems to rely primarily on the state of mind of the caster. It doesn't actually change the shape of a boggart into something humorous, but rather whatever the caster is concentrating on at the moment of the casting, as when Neville was thinking of his grandmother's dress. Presumably, Mrs Weasley couldn't take her mind off of her fears for her family, so the Boggart was changed into other members of the family rather than something humorous.

(Rose Growth)

Type: Transfiguration

Description: Causes rosebushes grow at an unusually fast pace.

Notes: This spell may be related to Herbivicus.

(Rowboat spell)

Type: Charm

Description: Makes boats row themselves.

Seen/mentioned: Hagrid used the spell on the row-boats at Hogwarts, to transport the First years from Hogsmeade station to the Boathouse. It may also have been the spell that he used to propel the row-boat that he used to take Harry from the Hut-on-the-Rock back to the mainland in 1991.

(Taboo)

Type: Jinx

Description: A jinx which may be placed upon a word or a name, so that whenever that word is spoken, a magical disturbance is created which alerts the caster of the Taboo to the location of the speaker. Any protective enchantments in effect around the speaker are broken when the Tabooed word is spoken aloud.^[65]

Seen/Mentioned: This jinx was placed on the word "Voldemort"; Harry, Ron and Hermione are tracked this way to Tottenham Court Road. Ron tells the other two to stop using the word as he began to fear the name might be a curse, later discovering it to be a Taboo. Later, Harry accidentally says Voldemort's name again, resulting in the trio being caught by Death Eaters and taken to Malfoy Manor.

(Tail-growing spell)

Type: Hex

Description: Causes the victim to grow a tail.

Seen/Mentioned: When Miranda Goshawk had her Book of Spells printed, she gave copies to her sisters that had various misprints in them; one such misprint somehow gave her sister Romilda a tail.^[16] Timothy Blenkinsop was hit with this hex when he was caught in the crossfire of a Puddlemere United vs. Holyhead Harpies riot.

Tarantallegra (Dancing Feet Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: ta-RON-ta-LEG-gra

Description: Makes a target's legs spasm wildly out of control, making it appear as though they are dancing.^[40]

Seen/Mentioned: First used by Draco Malfoy on Harry Potter in the Duelling Club in 1992.^[40]

Etymology: Italian tarantella, a kind of fast country dance once popular in parts of Italy, supposedly from the frantic motion caused by the bite of a tarantula; and allegro, a musical term meaning "quick".

(Teacup to tortoise)

Type: Transfiguration

Description: Transforms a teacup into a tortoise.

Seen/Mentioned: Seen on the Scholastic Harry Potter Official Site.

Notes: May be related to the Teapot to tortoise spell covered in the third year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.

(Teapot to tortoise)

Type: Transfiguration

Description: Transforms a teapot into a tortoise.

Seen/Mentioned: Third years at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry were required to cast the spell during their final exams.

Notes: May be related to the teapot to Teacup to tortoise spell.

(Teeth-straightening spell)

Type: Charm

Description: Straightens crooked teeth.

Seen/Mentioned: Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington attempted to use this spell on Lady Grieve at her request, but failed and gave her a tusk instead. He was executed the following morning. After he returned as a ghost, Nearly-Headless Nick recounted the incident in a ballad.

(Teleportation Spell)

Type: Spell

Description: Vanishes objects which then appear elsewhere.

Seen/Mentioned: In 1996, Albus Dumbledore used this to transport Harry Potter's school supplies, clothes, and owl to the Burrow.

Tentaclifors

Type: Transfiguration, Jinx

Description: Transfigures the target's head into a tentacle.

Tergeo

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: TUR-jee-oh

Description: Siphons liquid and cleans objects.

Seen/Mentioned: Hermione Granger used the spell in 1996 to remove blood from Harry's face. It is later used to remove spilled ink from parchment. It was also used in 1997 to clean off a handkerchief by Ron and to dust off a picture of Gellert Grindelwald in Bathilda Bagshot's house by Harry Potter.

Etymology: Latin tergere, "wipe off; cleanse".

Titillando (Tickling Hex)

Type: Hex

Pronunciation: ti-tee-LAN-do

Description: Tickles and weakens the victim.

(Toenail-growing hex)

Type: Hex

Description: Causes the toenails to grow at an extreme and uncontrollable rate.

Seen/Mentioned: In 1996, Harry used this to much applause from classmates, on Vincent Crabbe.^[56]

Notes: This is a hex that is probably not approved by the Ministry of Magic, as it was invented by Severus Snape.^[5]

(Transmogrifian Torture)

Type: Curse

Description: Possibly tortures the victim to death.

Seen/Mentioned: Gilderoy Lockhart suggested that it was this curse that "killed" Mrs Norris after she was really found petrified on a torch bracket.^[66]

Etymology: English "transmogrify", meaning "to change or alter greatly, often to grotesque effect", possibly implying that the curse changes the shape of the victim to cause pain.

Notes: The incantation to this curse is possibly Transmogrify.

Tribuomnus (Inn Charm)

Type: Charm

Description: Causes the quality of food within a location to be improved.

(Trip Jinx)

Type: Jinx

Description: Forces the target to trip and fall over.

Seen/Mentioned: Seen in 1996. It was cast successfully on Harry Potter by Draco Malfoy, when he and other members of the Inquisitorial Squad attempted to round up members of Dumbledore's Army.

(Twitchy-Ears Hex)

Type: Hex

Description: Causes the victim's ears to twitch.

Seen/Mentioned: Miranda Goshawk recommended this hex to be cast on somebody practising the Shield Charm.

Notes: . During the fourth year Hex-deflection test for Defence Against the Dark Arts, Harry Potter was hexed with this spell by Bartemius Crouch Junior (then disguised as Alastor Moody).

(Vacuum cleaner spell)

Type: Charm

Description: Cleans objects by using the wand to suck up dust like a vacuum cleaner.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Madam Malkin in 1996.

Ventus (Windy Spell)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: VEN-tuss

Description: Shoots a jet of strong spiralling wind from the tip of the wand.

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Newton Scamander to send away Stebbins on a London street, much to the bemusement of passing Muggles.

Etymology: Ventus is a Latin word, meaning "wind".

Ventus Duo

Type: Jinx

Description: A stronger version of the Windy Spell

Seen/Mentioned: In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game)

Vera Verto

Type: Transfiguration

Pronunciation: vair-uh-VAIR-toh

Description: Turn animals to water goblets.

Seen/Mentioned: Taught by Minerva McGonagall in her Transfiguration class. Also used by Ronald Weasley unsuccessfully in one of his second year classes thanks to his damaged wand.

Etymology: From Latin vera meaning "right" or "proper", and verto, meaning “I turn”.

Verdillious

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: ver-DILL-ee-us

Description: A spell used to shoot green sparks from the end of the wand.

Verdimillious (Verdimillious Charm)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: vur-duh-MILL-ee-us

Description: Produces a jet of green sparks that can be used in duelling, or to reveal things hidden by dark magic.

Seen/Mentioned: Taught in first year Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher's office class.

Notes: This spell is almost certainly the incantation for Green Sparks.

Verdimillious Duo

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: VERD-dee-MILL-lee-us

Description: A more powerful version of Verdimillious.

Seen/Mentioned: Learned in first year Defence Against the Dark Arts.

Vermiculus

Type: Transfiguration, Jinx

Pronunciation: vur-MICK-yoo-luhs

Description: Transforms things into worms.

Seen/Mentioned:

Notes: This spell may have some connection with Squiggle Quill.

Vermillious (Red Sparks)

Type: Charm

Pronunciation: vur-MILL-ee-us

Description: Jet of red sparks that can be used to signal an emergency or as a minor duelling spell.

Vipera Evanesca (Snake-Vanishing Spell)

Type: Vanishment

Pronunciation: vee-PAIR-uh eh-vuh-NES-kuh

Description: Vanishes snakes. Subsequently, it is the counter-spell for the Snake Summons Spell.

Seen/Mentioned: Severus Snape cast this spell in 1992 at the Duelling Club to vanish a snake that Draco Malfoy had conjured while duelling Harry Potter.^[40] Albus Dumbledore also used this spell to vanish Voldemort's snake during their Duel in the Ministry Atrium.^[6]

Etymology: Vipera is a genus of venomous vipers, a type of snake. Evanesca likely shares its origin with Evanesco, which means "disappear" in Latin.

Vulnera Sanentur

Type: Healing Spell

Pronunciation: VUL-ner-ah sah-NEN-tour

Description: Healing spell that slows blood flow, clears residue, and knits wounds. It is the counter-curse to Sectumsempra.^[58]

Seen/Mentioned: Used by Severus Snape to heal the wounds of Draco Malfoy caused by the Sectumsempra curse cast by Harry Potter in 1997.^[58]

Etymology: Vulnera Sanentur derives from the Latin vulnus, "wound,"^[67] and sanare, "to heal"; it is translated "may the wounds be healed."^[68]